Ivermectin is a semi synthetic
macrolide multicomponent antibiotic produced by Streptomyces avermitilis
fermentation. It mainly contains ivermectin B1 (BLA + B1B) not less
than 93%, of which BLA shall not be less than 85%.
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Ivermectin is a derivative of avermectin. William C. Campbell, the
discoverer of avermectin, and Yoshimura won the 2015 Nobel Prize in
physiology and medicine for their outstanding achievements in fighting
river blindness and elephantiasis.
Ivermectin B1
is 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1. Ivermectin is a new broad-spectrum,
high-efficiency and low toxicity antibiotic antiparasitic drug. It has
good repellent effect on internal and external parasites, especially
nematodes and arthropods. But it has no effect on tapeworm, trematode
and protozoa. The repellent effect of macrolide antiparasitic drugs on
nematodes and arthropods lies in increasing the inhibitory transmitter
of the insect body γ- The release of aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the
opening of Cl ion channel controlled by glutamate enhance the
permeability of nerve membrane to Cl, so as to block the transmission of
nerve signals, and finally nerve paralysis, so that muscle cells lose
their contractile ability, resulting in insect death.
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purpose
Ivermectin is widely used in gastrointestinal nematodes, pulmonary
nematodes and parasitic arthropods of cattle, sheep, horses and pigs,
intestinal nematodes of dogs, ear mites, scabies, heartworm and
microfilariae, as well as gastrointestinal nematodes and ectoparasites
of poultry.
(l) Ivermectin was administered orally or subcutaneously
to cattle and sheep at the dose of 0.2mg/kg. The insect repellent rates
of blood lance nematode, Oster nematode, Cooper nematode, round
nematode (including round nematode), round nematode, supine mouth
nematode, fine neck nematode, hairy head nematode, oesophagus nematode,
reticulum, and sheep charbert nematode adults and stage 4 larvae were
97% ~ 100%. The above doses are also very effective for arthropods: such
as fly maggots (cowhide fly, dermatodermis fly, sheep crazy fly), mites
(bovine scabies mite, sheep itch mite) and lice (bovine palatal lice,
bovine blood lice and sheep palatal lice), etc. Ivermectin was less
effective on chewing lice (tricholice) and sheep ticks and flies.
Ivermectin is also very effective against ticks and flies breeding in
feces. Although the drug can not immediately kill or dismember ticks, it
can affect
Sound feeding, molting and oviposition, thereby reducing
reproductive capacity. Animals were injected subcutaneously with
0.2mg/kg once or fed with low concentration every day
(0.01mg / kg)
the above phenomenon was most obvious in ticks 5 days after treatment. A
subcutaneous injection at the dose of 0.2mg/kg also has a certain
control effect on the flies breeding in the feces. After 9 days of
treatment, the larvae of facial fly and autumn housefly in the feces of
cattle can not develop into adults. After 5 days, the reproduction of
flies is greatly reduced due to the obstruction of pupal deformity and
adult maturation process. After 4 weeks, the situation is similar for
blood flies (disturbing blood flies).
(2) Oral administration of
0.2mg/kg ivermectin in horses and horses was highly effective (95% ~
100%) on the adults and 4th stage larvae of the following large and
small round nematodes, such as large round nematodes (common round
nematode, horse round nematode, toothless round nematode), Ascaris
lumbricoides (horse paraascaris), pinworms (horse pointed tail
nematode), stomach worms (large mouth delassi nematode, flexible
nematode) and intestinal nematodes (C. elegans, C. welchii), pulmonary
nematodes (C. anseri), etc. for the three kinds of horsestomach fly
maggots in the transitional or gastric residence period, the
microfilariae of onchocerus and the third stage larvae of gastric
nematodes causing skin damage, although the amount of 0.2mg/kg is also
very limited, the best scheme is to use the above amount again one month
later.
Of particular significance is that the recommended dose of
ivermectin (0.2mg / kg) is about 99% effective in the treatment of
mesenteric artery damage caused by the early and fourth stage larvae of
common round nematode. Generally, the symptoms are significantly reduced
after 2 days of treatment, and the damage symptoms are completely
eliminated in about 28 days.
(3) Intramuscular injection of 0.3mg/kg
ivermectin in pigs has broad-spectrum insect repellent activity on
pigs, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, round nematode red, round nematode
lamblia, pig hairy head nematode, oesophageal mouth nematode, round
nematode, crown tail nematode, adult and immature worms. The elimination
rate is 94% ~ 100%, and it has no effect on intestinal Trichinella
(intramuscular) The above medication also has a good control effect on
pig blood lice and pig scabies.
(4) There are special dosage forms
for dogs and cats abroad [according to 6 ~ 12] μ G / kg) for the
prevention and treatment of microfilaria infection of heartworm, which
can be used for 50 years in China μ G / kg oral administration is
effective in the treatment of microfilaria infection of heartworm
(adults are ineffective). Clinical trials have confirmed that high-dose
ivermectin is effective on a variety of parasites in dogs, such as 50%
subcutaneous injection at a time μ G / kg vs. Caenorhabditis canis,
Caenorhabditis brasiliensis and Caenorhabditis canis, 100 μ G / kg
against whipworm canis, 200 μ G / kg has an excellent effect on the
adult and fourth stage larvae of Toxocara canis. For Toxocara lion, it
is 200 μ G / kg, the curative effect of subcutaneous injection is only
69%, while that of oral administration is 95%. This product is injected
subcutaneously for one time, and it has no effect on the aerophilic
Capillaria parasitized in the lungs of dogs (200%) μ G / kg), eustachia
olgensis (400 μ g/kg)
It also has excellent expelling effect. Oral
or subcutaneous injection of 200 μ G / kg, once again after two weeks,
for intestinal fecal roundworm (No
The effective rate was 95% ~ 100%.
Ivermectin is also effective for some arthropod infections in dogs and
cats. Dogs and cats are injected subcutaneously for 200 hours μ G / kg
dose for two weeks
The infection of ear mite, scabies mite and
canine lung acarid can be eliminated by another time. Press 300 μ G /
kg, used twice (with an interval of 2 weeks)
It is also effective
for chelonian mite infection. The best treatment for canine Demodex is
600 μ G / kg subcutaneous injection, with an interval of 7 days, for 5
times.
(5) For poultry nematodes such as Ascaris lumbricoides and
closed Capillaria, as well as arthropods parasitic on poultry, such as
knee mite (mutant knee mite), it is 200 ~ 300 μ G / kg oral or
subcutaneous injection is effective, but this product is not effective
against chicken heterothorn nematode.
(6) Reindeer infect reindeer with oedemagena tarandi according to the dosage of cattle (200 μ G / kg).
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