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Connecting Rod Overview: The connecting rod is the part of the piston engine that connects the piston to the crankshaft. The connecting rod, along with the crank, converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotation of the crankshaft. The connecting rod needs to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston. In its most common form, in internal combustion engines, it allows pivoting at the piston end and rotation at the shaft end. The predecessor of the connecting rod is the mechanical linkage used by water mills to convert the rotational motion of the waterwheel into reciprocating motion. The most common use of connecting rods is in internal combustion or steam engines
Materials of connecting rods: There are many materials used for connecting rods, including carbon steel, iron-based sintered metal, microalloy steel, and spheroidized graphite cast iron. In mass-produced automobile engines, connecting rods are usually made of steel. In high-performance applications, billet connecting rods can be used, which are machined from a solid billet of metal rather than cast or forged. Other materials include T6-2024 aluminum alloy or T651-7075 aluminum alloy, which are used for lightweighting and the ability to absorb high impact forces, but at the expense of durability. Titanium is a more expensive option that saves weight. Cast iron can be used in cheaper, lower performance applications such as scooters
Failure during operation: During each revolution of the crankshaft, the connecting rod is typically subjected to large, repetitive forces: shear forces due to the angle between the piston and crankpin, compression forces as the piston moves downward, and The pulling force on the piston as it moves upward. These forces are proportional to the square of engine speed (RPM). Failure of a connecting rod, often called a thrown rod, is one of the most common causes of catastrophic engine failure in automobiles, often driving a broken rod out of the side of the crankcase, rendering the engine unrepairable. Common causes of connecting rod failure are stretch failure caused by high engine speeds, the impact of the piston hitting the valve (due to valvetrain problems), connecting rod bearing failure (usually due to lubrication issues), or improperly installed connecting rods
Cylinder wear: The lateral forces exerted by the crankshaft on the piston through the connecting rod can cause the cylinder to wear into an oval shape. This can significantly reduce engine performance because round piston rings cannot properly seal against oval cylinder walls. The magnitude of the side force is directly proportional to the angle of the connecting rod, so a longer connecting rod will reduce the magnitude of the side force and engine wear. However, the length of the connecting rod is limited by the size of the engine block; the stroke length plus the length of the connecting rod must not cause the piston to move past the top of the engine block
Master-Slave Rod: Radial engines typically use master-slave connecting rods, where one piston (the topmost piston in the animation) has a master connecting rod directly connected to the crankshaft. The remaining pistons hold their connecting rod attachments to rings around the edge of the main rod. Multi-row engines with many cylinders, such as a V12 engine, have little room on the limited length of the crankshaft for many connecting rod journals. The simplest solution used in most road car engines is to share a single crank journal for each pair of cylinders, but this reduces the size of the connecting rod bearings and means matching (i.e. opposite) cylinders in different rows along the crankshaft axis (produces a rocking couple). Another solution is to use a master-slave connecting rod, where the master connecting rod also includes one or more ring pins that connect to the big ends of the slave rods on the other cylinders. One disadvantage of master-slave connecting rods is that the stroke length of any slave piston that is not 180° from the master piston is always slightly longer than the stroke length of the master piston. One of the most complex examples of master-slave connecting rods is the 24-cylinder developed for World War II. JunkersJumo222 experimental aircraft engine. The engine consists of six banks of four cylinders each. Each layer of six cylinders uses a master connecting rod, and the remaining five cylinders use slave connecting rods. Approximately 300 test engines were built, but the engine never entered production.
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Assembly Parts for Rail Car,
Structure Parts of Rail Car,
Metal Mount,
Junction Box,
Metal Mounting Strip ,
Metal Hanging Plate
