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Throughout the centuries, various combinations of raw materials have been developed to produce various metal types. Some cast products are used in engines that require a high tolerance for heat and cold. Cast iron pipes must resist corrosion and high pressures. Other cast parts must be lightweight but durable. In many applications, parts are designed to allow for precise tolerance between expansion and contraction
Advantages and disadvantages of investment casting
Investment casting is a highly popular casting method, and for good reason. It has many advantages over other methods and provides highly detailed parts loyal to their molds; however, there are some notable disadvantages that must be discussed.
Below are the main advantages of the investment casting process:
Allows for the casting of highly complex, extremely accurate parts with good surface finish right out of the mold
Can cast very thin (~0.015 in) sections with incredibly low tolerances (~0.003 in)
Allows for the use of almost any metal capable of casting (aluminum, bronze, iron, etc.)
The investment casting process can be automated, generating a huge amount of parts quickly
The wax can be recovered and reused for many patterns
These upsides come at a significant price, so let examine the disadvantages of investment casting:
Parts are best behaved in smaller sizes weighing up to around 75 lbs, with large parts being generally better suited to other casting processes
The process is complex and typically involves expensive equipment and/or technicians to operate
The high cost of dies to make the wax patterns limits the processes to high volume production projects
Parts with cores or holes smaller than 1.6 mm or holes deeper than 1.5 times the diameter of the part are difficult to investment cast
So, while highly accurate and readily reproducible, investment casting has a high cost and complex workings. Also, there are some part geometries that cannot be made with this type of casting, so check the properties of your part to see if it is compatible.
Throughout the centuries, various combinations of raw materials have been developed to produce various metal types. Some cast products are used in engines that require a high tolerance for heat and cold. Cast iron pipes must resist corrosion and high pressures. Other cast parts must be lightweight but durable. In many applications, parts are designed to allow for precise tolerance between expansion and contraction.
Other casting processes include plaster casting, die casting, and investment casting. Plaster casting simply replaces the sand with a plaster mold.
Die casting requires two large, moving non-ferrous metal parts that clamp together under high-pressure. Molten metal is injected into the die and the metal parts are separated once hardened.
The process of investment casting begins with filling a mold with wax. Once the wax hardens, it is coated multiple times in a ceramic material. This is heated until the wax melts and the ceramic mold remains. The mold is filled with molten metal, cooled, and then the ceramic material is broken off.
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