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Glutathione0

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Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine, with the chemical formula γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine. It is a powerful antioxidant present in almost every cell of the human body, playing critical roles in maintaining health by boosting immunity, detoxifying the body, and neutralizing free radicals. Glutathione is available in two primary forms: reduced glutathione (G-SH) and oxidized glutathione (G-S-S-G), with the reduced form being more abundant under normal physiological conditions.

Glutathione is integral to the body’s defense system, promoting metabolic balance and protecting cells from oxidative damage, making it widely used in both pharmaceuticals and functional foods aimed at anti-aging, immune support, and detoxification.

Key Properties of Glutathione

  • Molecular Structure: Contains gamma-amide bonds and thiol groups.
  • Active Group: The sulfhydryl group (-SH) on cysteine plays a critical role in detoxification and antioxidant activity.
  • Two Forms: Exists as reduced (G-SH) and oxidized (G-S-S-G). The enzyme glutathione reductase facilitates the interconversion of these forms, with NADPH providing energy through pentose phosphate metabolism.

Physiological Functions of Glutathione

  1. Detoxification:

    • Glutathione binds to harmful substances, including toxins, drugs, and heavy metals, neutralizing and eliminating them to protect cells from damage.
  2. Antioxidant and Redox Regulation:

    • Acts as an essential reducing agent, participating in various oxidation-reduction (REDOX) reactions in the body.
    • Prevents oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and maintaining cellular health.
  3. Protects Sulfhydryl Enzymes:

    • Ensures the functionality of sulfhydrase enzymes by maintaining their -SH groups in a reduced state.
  4. Maintains Red Blood Cell Integrity:

    • Stabilizes the erythrocyte membrane by protecting it from oxidative damage, ensuring the proper functioning of red blood cells.

Applications of Glutathione

  • Health Supplements:
    Used in functional foods for anti-aging, immune enhancement, and tumor suppression.

  • Pharmaceuticals:
    Incorporated in medicines to treat conditions related to oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, and chronic illnesses.

  • Cosmetics:
    Popular for its skin-brightening and anti-aging effects. Glutathione helps reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and signs of aging.

Glutathione is a versatile and essential biomolecule that provides antioxidant, detoxifying, and immune-boosting effects. With its presence in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods, glutathione plays a key role in cellular health and metabolic balance. Its dual role as both a detoxifier and a regulator of oxidative stress makes it a vital component in promoting overall well-being.Trust in our Pharmaceutical Chemicals, Chinese Herb Extracts, and APIs for high-quality formulations!

Glutathione
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