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Our Polysaccharides from Poria cocos are a class of polysaccharide substances from the fungus Poria cocos of the family Polyporaceae. They have a branched structure, and there may be some structural differences depending on the. Polysaccharides from Poria cocos are white amorphous powders with no special odour. They have a certain solubility in water but their solubility is relatively low. The solubility increases with rising temperature. In organic solvents, polysaccharides from Poria cocos are insoluble. Polysaccharides from Poria cocos can undergo chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, and esterification, and their properties and functions be modified by chemical modification.
一. Sources and Extraction Methods
1. Mainly sourced from the sclerotium of Poria cocos. Poria cocos is common traditional Chinese medicine, widely distributed in China, Japan, South Korea, etc. In our country, Poria cocos is mainly produced in Yunnan,hui, Hubei, etc.
2. Extraction methods
(1) Water extraction and alcohol precipitation method: After crushing Poria cocos, it is with hot water, then ethanol is added to precipitate the polysaccharides. This method is simple to operate and has a low cost, but the extraction rate relatively low.
(2) Alkali extraction and acid precipitation method: Poria cocos polysaccharides are extracted with an alkali solution, then the value is adjusted with acid to precipitate the polysaccharides. This method has a higher extraction rate, but the alkali solution may destroy the structure of polysaccharides.
Enzymatic hydrolysis method: Using the specificity of enzymes, the polysaccharides in Poria cocos are decomposed. method has mild extraction conditions and causes less damage to the structure of the polysaccharides, but the cost of enzymes is high.
二. Application Fields .
Pharmaceutical raw materials
(1) Enhancing immunity: Polysaccharides from Poria cocos can activate immune cells such as macrophages, T lymph, and B lymphocytes in the human immune system, enhancing the body's immune function. It can promote the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, increase the activity immune cells, thereby enhancing the body's resistance to diseases. Clinically, it can be used as an adjuvant treatment for diseases with low immune function, as tumours and infectious diseases.
(2) Anti-tumour effect: Polysaccharides from Poria cocos can inhibit the growth and proliferation ofour cells, induce apoptosis of tumour cells, and at the same time enhance the body's immune function to fight against tumours. Studies have shown that polyscharides from Poria cocos have a certain inhibitory effect on various tumour cells such as liver cancer cells, lung cancer cells, and breast cancer cells.
（3) Antihypertensive ingredients: Polysaccharides from Poria cocos can promote the secretion of insulin, increase the sensitivity of insulin, thereby blood glucose levels. It can also inhibit the absorption of glucose in the intestine, reducing the source of blood glucose. For diabetic patients, polysaccharides fromoria cocos can be used as an adjuvant treatment to help control blood glucose.
三. Food Additives
1. Health food development: Due to the various health functions of polyscharides from Poria cocos, they can be developed into health foods. For example, polysaccharides from Poria cocos can be added to beverages,, cakes, and other foods to make health foods with functions such as enhancing immunity, lowering blood glucose, and anti-tumour effects.
2. Food additive Polysaccharides from Poria cocos can be used as food additives to improve the quality and texture of food. They can increase the viscosity of food and the texture of food.
四．Cosmetics materials
3. Moisturizing effect: Polysaccharides from Poria cocos have good moisturizing properties. can absorb moisture from the air, maintain the water content of the skin, and make the skin more hydrated. They can be added to cosmetics such as emuls, facial creams, and masks for moisturizing skincare. Antioxidant effect: Polysaccharides from Poria cocos can scavenge free radicals, oxidative damage, and delay skin aging. They can work synergistically with other antioxidants to enhance the antioxidant effects of cosmetics.
4. Anti-inflammatory effect: Polyscharides from Poria cocos can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and alleviate skin inflammatory reactions.
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